Radiotherapy Explained: A Gentle, Honest Guide

Radiotherapy is one of the most common cancer treatments. It uses targeted beams of radiation to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing. The idea sounds intimidating, but the treatment itself is usually calm, quiet, and surprisingly quick.

1. What actually happens during radiotherapy? You lie on a treatment table while a machine moves around you. It directs radiation precisely at the tumour. You do not feel the radiation itself — no heat, no sting, no shock. The session usually lasts 10–15 minutes.

2. Is there pain? During the treatment: no pain. After a few weeks: some patients develop skin reactions, often called “radiation burns.” These can include:

• Redness
• Dryness
• Darkening of the skin
• Mild peeling
• Tenderness
• A sunburn-like sensation

These effects vary depending on the area being treated. For example, breast radiotherapy often causes skin irritation, while head-and-neck radiotherapy can cause mouth dryness and difficulty swallowing.

3. Common side effects

• Fatigue (very common)
• Skin changes
• Mild swelling
• Local discomfort
• Temporary hair loss in the treated area

Most side effects improve within weeks after treatment ends.

4. Why radiotherapy works Radiation damages the DNA of cancer cells. Because cancer cells cannot repair themselves well, they die off over time. Healthy cells recover more easily.

5. How to care for yourself during treatment

• Keep the treated skin clean and moisturised
• Avoid harsh soaps and perfumes
• Wear loose, soft clothing
• Protect the area from sun exposure
• Tell your doctor if pain or irritation increases

Radiotherapy is a powerful treatment — but with the right care, most patients tolerate it well and recover smoothly.